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%	OlympicSportsIntroAppendix.tex
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\section{ISSF Shooting Sport Events for the Olympic Games}
\label{section:OlympicEventsIntro}

\subsection{Olympic Rifle Events}

\begin{description}
\item[\large 50m Rifle 3 Positions Men]
The shooter fires three rounds of 40 shots each in the
prone, standing and kneeling positions at a target 50 meters
away. Prior to the first competition shot, any number of
sighting shots may be fired. The rifle is a 5.6mm (0.22in)
smallbore single-shot rifle whose weight may not exceed 8
kilos. The center ring, which is 10.4mm (0.4in) in diameter,
must be hit at a distance of 50 meters within a time limit
of 45 minutes in the prone position, 75 minutes in the
standing position and 60 minutes in the kneeling position.
The best eight shooters from this opening program are
qualified for the final.

The final consists of 10 shots in the standing position with
a time limit of 75 seconds per shot. Each shot is evaluated
in decimal tenths and added to the score of the opening
program.

\item[\large 50m Rifle Prone Men]
Sixty shots are fired in the prone position. Prior to the
first competition shot, any number of sighting shots may be
fired. The competition time, including the sighting shots,
is 75 minutes. The distance of the target, the size of its
center and the gun are the same as for the 3-Position Rifle
match.

In the final, 10 shots are fired with a time limit of 45
seconds per shot in the "prone" position. The decimal score
is added to the opening score to determine the winner.

\item[\large 50m Rifle 3 Positions Women]
Three rounds of 20 shots are fired in the prone, standing
and kneeling positions. The time limit for all three
positions, including the sighting shots, is 135 minutes. The
rifle is a 5.6mm (0.22in) smallbore single-shot rifle whose
weight may not exceed 6.5 kilos. The shots are once again
fired at the target's center, which is 10.4mm in diameter at
a distance of 50 meters.

In the final, the best eight female shooters fire 10 shots
in the standing position with a time limit of 75 seconds
per shot, and the score is evaluated in decimal tenths. The
final score is then added to the opening score to determine
the total result.

\item[\large 10m Air Rifle Men and Women]

Compressed air rifles and carbon dioxide rifles with a
caliber of 4.5mm (.177in) and a maximum weight of 5.5
kilograms are permitted. Men complete 60 shots in 105
minutes with any number of sighting shots before the first
competition shot is fired. Women complete 40 shots within
a maximum of 75 minutes, including the sighting shots. The
shots are fired in the standing position at a center ring
(actually more of a dot) of exactly 0.5mm diameter at a
distance of 10 meters.

In the following final, each of the eight finalists only
has 75 seconds to fire each of his or her 10 final shots.
The points achieved are subdivided into decimal tenths. A
shot that hits directly in the center of the ten counts as a
10.9, whereas a shot just barely touching the center counts
as 10.0. The results from the normal program and the final
are added together.

\item[\large 10m Running Target Men]

With a 4.5mm (.177in) caliber compressed air or carbon
dioxide rifle and sighting telescope, 60 shots are fired,
30 of them in a slow round and 30 in a rapid round. In the
slow round, the target, which is pulled across a 2 meter
wide aisle, is visible for five seconds, beginning once from
the left and once from the right. In the rapid round, the
target is only visible for 2.5 seconds. The match is shot at
a distance of 10 meters, and the center of the target is 5.5mm 
in diameter. The telescope may not exceed 300mm in length
and may only have a maximum fourfold magnifying power. The
rifle, including the sight, may not weigh more than 5.5
kilos.

In the following 10 shot, rapid fire final in the standing
position, the shots are evaluated in decimal tenths. The
scores of the opening program and final are added together.

\end{description}

\subsection{Olympic Pistol Events}

\begin{description}

\item[\large 50m Pistol Men]

Within a maximum of 120 minutes, any number of sighting
shots plus 60 competition shots are fired at a target 50
meters away. A 5.6mm (0.22in) caliber, single-shot pistol is
used in the competition. The center ring of the target is 50
mm in size, and the gun must be fired, single-handed, in the
standing position.

In the following final, 10 shots must be completed within
a maximum of 75 seconds per shot. Here again, the score is
evaluated in decimal tenths and added to the opening score.

\item[\large 25m Rapid Fire Pistol Men]

This program consists of two rounds of 30 shots each, and
one round consists of two series of five shots fired in
eight, six, and four seconds. A series of five shots is
fired at five targets, 75 cm apart, at a distance of 25
meters. The match is started with a command for the shooters
from a 45 degree position with a 5.6mm (0.22in) calibre 
smallbore pistol, which has a maximum weight of 1.260kg. 

In the final of the best eight shooters, two series of five
shots must again be completed in four seconds, and the shots
are evaluated in decimal tenths. The scores of the opening
program and final are added together at the end.

\item[\large 25m Pistol Women]

The score consists of a combination of 30 precision shots
and 30 duel shots. At a distance of 25 meters, a center ring
50mm in diameter must be hit in the precision semi-round.
Six series of five shots must be completed, with six minutes
for each series, one minute of which is preparation time. In
the duel semi-round, the center is twice as large (100mm),
and six series of five shots must be completed with 3
seconds per shot, with a 7 second break between shots and
a one minute break between each series. The pistol may
not weight more than 1.4kg and must have a caliber of
5.6mm(.22in).

In the following final of the eight best shooters, 10 shots
are completed in the precision round within 75 seconds per
shot. The final score is evaluated in decimal tenths and
added to the opening score.

\item[\large 10m Air Pistol Men and Women]

The pistols used must be 4.5mm (.177in) caliber compressed
air or carbon dioxide pistols, with a maximum length of 420
mm, height of 200 mm and width of 50 mm as well as a maximum
weight of 1.7 kg. The trigger resistance must be at least
500 grams. The match is shot, single-handed, in the standing
position at a distance of 10 meters, and the center ring of
the target is 11.5 mm in diameter. The time limit for men
with any number of sighting shots and the 60 competition
shots is 105 minutes. For women, 40 shots must be fired
within 75 minutes.

The final of the best eight consists of 10 shots within 75
seconds per shot, and the score is evaluated in decimal
tenths. The final result is added to the score of the
opening program.

\end{description}

\subsubsection{Olympic Shotgun Events}
At present, the club does not shoot in Shotgun events,
though there are six Olympic-class shotgun events (Trap,
Double Trap and Skeet), and a healthy clay pigeon community
in Ireland at present. It is not envisaged, however, that a
clay pigeon range on campus would be appropriate due to the
surrounding city area.

%\begin{description}

%\item[\large Trap Men and Women]

%In Trap, athlethes move through a series of five adjacent shooting stations. At each station, competitors mount their 12-gauge shotguns, call for the target and fire up to two shots per target. The targets, 1110mm or four-inch clay discs, are thrown from an underground bunker a minimum distance of 70 meters and at speeds of up to 105 km/h or 65 miles per hour. The men�s match consists of 125 targets, shot in five rounds of 25 over two days. Three rounds are fired on day one; two rounds plus the final are shot on day two. The women�s match consits of 75 targets, shot in three rounds on one day plus final. 

%After the qualification round of 125 targets for men or 75 targets for women, the top six competitors advance to a 25 targets final round. The medals are awarded based on aggregate (qualification and final) scores.

%\item [\large Skeet Men and Women]

%In Skeet, competitors move through a semi-circular range featuring eight shooting stations. At each station, single and/or double targets are thrown at least 65 meters from the high (3.05 meters above level ground) station or low (1.05 meters above level ground) station house on either side of the range. The 110mm or four-inch target travel at up to 88 km/h or 55 miles per hour and competitors may fire one shot per target. Competitors hold their 12-gauge shotguns at hip level until the target appears, which can be anywhere from 0-3 seconds after their call. The men�s match consists of 125 targets, shot in five rounds of 25 over two days. Three rounds are fired on day one; two rounds plus the final are shot on day two. The women�s match consists of 75 targets, shot in three rounds on one day plus final.

%After the qualification round of 125 targets for men or 75 targets for women, the top six competitors advance to a 25 target final round. The medals are awarded based on aggregate (qualification and final) scores.

%\item [\large Double Trap Men and Women]


%In Double Trap events, competitors fire 12-gauge shotguns from five adjacent shooting stations. At each station, the 110 mm or four-inch targets are thrown two at a time from an underground bunker at speeds up to 80 km/h or 50miles per hour. Competitors fire one shot per target. The men�s match consists of 150 targets, shot in three rounds of 50 on one day. Women shoot three rounds of 40 for total of 120 targets.

%In both events, the top six competitors advance to a final � 50 targets for men, 40 for women. The medals are awarded based on aggregate (qualification and final) scores.

%\end{description}

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\subsection{Equipment}
\subsubsection{Free Rifle}

All rifle clothing and accessories are governed by strict
rules for thickness and stiffness. Shooters start with
sweatshirts or sweaters and tights, then put on jackets and
pants made of leather or canvas. This ensemble improves
physical stability and helps muffle the pulse during
these lengthy contests. Flat-soled leather boots aid the
rifle shooter's stability from the standing and kneeling
positions. Leather gloves with rubber-padded palms helps
minimize the discomfort of the heavy rifle and sling. The
sling (extending from the triceps to the front of the rifle
stock) is used for support when shooting from the prone
or kneeling positions. In the standing portion of the
three-position match, athletes may use palm rests for extra
comfort and gun elevation. Between shots, competitors rest
their rifles on a shooting stand. Shooting glasses, ear and
eye protection are other important accessories.


\subsubsection{Pistol}

Pistol shooters compete without the benefit of special
clothing, gloves or boots. Most athletes wear flat-soled
shoes for increased stability, but footwear must not extend
above the shooter's ankle. Competitors frequently wear
blinders over their "non-shooting" eye to prevent squinting.
Spotting scopes allow athletes to view their targets in
25- and 50-meter competition. In all events, special caps
designed to limit the athlete's field of vision are common;
ear and eye protection are a given.



